Mr. Hay Kamsan, as a geologist has joined fieldwork with the Indonesian expertises, Mr Adi A. Sjoekri – Principal Geologist, which graduate of the Both LaTrobe University (Australia) and Colorado School of Mines and has been primarily worked under the guidance major International Companies such as Newmont, Newcrest and Billiton.
The field work was conducted from 25thMarch through to 6th April 2023. The field work activities included a stream, geochemistry, rock chip sampling, and mapping. Mapping consisted of the observed lithological exposure of both outcrops and rock floats.
A bulk material of sand, silt and clay sized sediments were collected, each weighing about 5 kg per sample. The samples were taken from multiple sampling spots within the radius of 200 meters. Each sampling sites identified to presumably be ‘active rivers’ in the rainy season, representing river meanders, sand bars or sediment traps under boulders
Photo2. Stream sediment sampling, preparation and data recording activities.
Rock Sample both floats or outcrops (in situ) were also taken as rock grab samples and rock chip samples, each for about 2.5 kg per sample. The location coordinates of sampling were measured by a GPS, and any lithological information were taken for any presence of alteration and mineralization. Outcrop mapping to include a measure of structural information were also recorded during the fieldwork.
Photo2. Geological mapping of outcrop and rock floats along stream beds and exposures
Photo3. Team photo on the intrusive diorite outcrop on dry riverbedPhoto4. Team photo on the outcrop of intrusive diorite
Photo5. Silica-hydrothermal breccia exposed as an outcrop and sub cropping in the extensive area at Ngoot HillPhoto6. Regional Geology Map of the Cambodia Gold Pty (Aussie Company)
PKDC Geologists has been enlisted by Global Green (Cambodia) Energy Development Co., LTD to spearhead the geological mapping and trenching endeavors for iron exploration within the bounds of Stung Treng Province. This collaborative effort marks a significant stride in responding to the escalating demand for iron resources in Cambodia. Leveraging their expertise and fieldwork acumen, the PKDC Geologists have embarked on a meticulous exploration campaign, commencing with comprehensive geological mapping surveys aimed at unraveling the intricate geological tapestry of the region. Through meticulous observations and data collection, the team endeavors to decipher the underlying geological framework and pinpoint potential iron-bearing formations.
Simultaneously, trenching activities have been meticulously orchestrated to unveil the concealed subsurface geological features, strategically designed to extract invaluable samples for subsequent laboratory analysis. These trenches, strategically located based on initial geological insights and survey findings, serve as conduits for unearthing critical geological information essential for delineating the prospectivity of the region for iron exploration.
Photo2. Iron Exploration License in Stung Treng overlay on Sentinel-2
As the geological mapping data undergoes meticulous compilation, the team eagerly anticipates the creation of detailed geological maps that will serve as indispensable navigational aids in the pursuit of iron ore deposits. Concurrently, the trenching samples, meticulously collected with precision and care, have been dispatched to accredited laboratories for thorough analysis. Here, these samples will undergo a battery of tests and analyses, meticulously scrutinized to unveil their iron content and ascertain their mineralogical composition.
In the ensuing phases of the exploration project, the integration of laboratory analysis results with geological data promises to furnish invaluable insights into the economic viability and potential of iron extraction within Stung Treng Province. Through a judicious fusion of scientific rigor and interpretative prowess, the team endeavors to decipher the geological intricacies, identifying favorable geological structures and mineralization patterns that may harbor economically viable iron deposits.
Upon culmination, the culmination of the project will herald the preparation of a comprehensive report, encapsulating the myriad facets of the exploration journey. This seminal document will encapsulate detailed geological maps, laboratory analysis findings, interpretative insights, and astute recommendations poised to chart the course for future exploration endeavors. In essence, this collaborative endeavor between PKDC Geologists and Global Green (Cambodia) Energy Development Co., LTD signifies a resolute commitment towards unlocking the untapped potential of Stung Treng Province, propelling Cambodia towards a sustainable future anchored upon the judicious utilization of its natural resources.
Photo3. Exploration Activities of PKDC’s Geologist
ROCK MINERALOGY DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD, hereinafter referred to as the Client, has approached PKDC to avail of our services. The requested service involves conducting an IP survey at the specified target location, which includes the following details:
1. Target location: Tmenh Toeuy Village, Pouy Char Commune, Phnom Srok District, Banteay Meanchey Province, Cambodia. 2.Survey specifications: The 2D ER-IP survey will comprise 5 lines, each spanning 250 meters.
3.Prospected mineral: The objective of the survey is gold exploration.
Figure 1. Layout of IP survey
The primary equipment utilized for the study is the IRIS Resistivity meter (Syscal Switch Pro 120), which boasts several key features: The Syscal Pro Switch functions as a transmitter, receiver, and switcher, offering automated control over parameters such as output voltage, stacking number, and quality factor. It operates within an output range of 800-1000V (1600-2000V peak-to-peak) and can measure distances of up to 3km with its 120 electrodes. Additionally, it incorporates a ten-channel system and supports 20 IP chargeability windows. Two specific functionalities worth noting are its compatibility with boreholes and its capability for time-elapsed readings. In addition to the main equipment, several supplementary tools are required, including a passive land cable, electrodes, connectors, clamps, handheld GPS, and batteries. For data acquisition during IP surveys, specific settings have been applied, including map projection parameters: Projection type: Transverse Mercator Latitude: 13°54’54.54″N Longitude: 103°16’5.56″E Datum: World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84) Vertical Datum: Mean Sea Level Unit of Measurement: Meters.z
Photo2. 2D ER-IP Survey Activities for ROCK MINERALOGY DEVELOPMENT CO.,LTD. in Banteay Meanchey
IP Data acquisition The line was designed by the customer to cover the desired area, and data were collected through a 250 geoelectrical survey along with five profiling lines. Each line had a 5-meter spacing and a total of 50 electrodes. The data acquisition process involved a combination of Dipole-Dipole and Schlumberger configurations. We utilized the direct current resistivity meter, Syscal Switch Pro 120 (an IRIS instrument), and its accessories. This system operates under the Rho & IP mode, enabling simultaneous measurement of resistivity (Rho) and Chargeability (M) of the ground. Chargeability measurements are sensitive to induced polarization field fluctuations and sometimes to local ground resistivity. Therefore, electrical data acquisition was conducted using the Schlumberger method, wherein the current is injected through A and B electrodes.
Table 1. Summary of IP data acquisitionFigure 3. Data Configurations of Dipole-Dipole and Schlumberger
Based on the results of the survey, it is observed that Line 1 and Line 2 exhibit less interest in mineralization compared to Line 3, Line 4, and Line 5, which show a higher potential for mineralization zones. These findings suggest that the mineralization zone of interest might be located along the zone where Line 3, Line 4, and Line 5 intersect or cross each other. This intersection point at the beginning of Line 3, Line 4, and Line 5 could be a focal area for further exploration and detailed investigation to ascertain the presence and extent of mineralization in that specific zone.
Figure4. 2D IP’s Inversion profile of L01 (Dipole-Dipole)Figure5. 2D IP’s Inversion profile of L02 (Dipole-Dipole)Figure6. 2D IP’s Inversion profile of L03 (Dipole-Dipole)Figure7. 2D IP’s Inversion profile of L04 (Dipole-Dipole)Figure8. 2D IP’s Inversion profile of L05 (Dipole-Dipole)
KP Cement Industry Co., Ltd., situated in Beoung Char, Sambo District, Kratie province, represents a significant venture in the region’s industrial landscape. With abundant limestone resources estimated at around 55 million tons, the company aims to produce between 1.2 to 2 million tons of cement annually. Collaborating with PKDC INC., they have diligently pursued environmental impact assessments (IESIA) for their operations. Recently, the IESIA was successfully approved by the Ministry of Environment, marking a crucial step forward. Currently, the company is in the process of obtaining the official documents for the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA).
This ambitious project is not only about industrial expansion but also about fostering local development. It is anticipated to generate employment opportunities for approximately 250 individuals from the surrounding communities. Furthermore, the establishment of the cement plant is poised to enhance livelihoods and stimulate economic growth in the area, promising a brighter future for the region.
The IESIA (Initial Environmental and Social Impact Assessment) survey undertaken in the vicinity of the KP Cement Industry Co., Ltd. in Beoung Char, Sambo District, Kratie province, encompasses a thorough examination of potential environmental and social ramifications associated with the proposed cement plant. Transect line surveys were meticulously established across the project area, facilitating a systematic evaluation of various environmental parameters such as vegetation, soil composition, and land use. Concurrently, an ecological assessment was conducted to assess the biodiversity of the area, scrutinizing flora and fauna habitats and potential impacts on local ecosystems.
Furthermore, comprehensive assessments of surface and underground water resources were carried out to gauge quality, quantity, and contamination risks. Additionally, ambient surveys were conducted to analyze noise, sound, and vibration levels, providing insights into potential disturbances to the environment and nearby communities. These surveying activities, conducted with precision and diligence, serve as the foundation for developing robust mitigation measures and environmental management plans to ensure the sustainable operation of the cement plant while safeguarding the well-being of local communities and ecosystems. part of the IESIA process, enabling KP Cement Industry Co., Ltd. to identify, assess, and mitigate potential environmental impacts associated with its operations, ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements and promoting environmental stewardship.
The choice of band composite depends on the specific mineral alteration patterns and target minerals in the study area. Therefore, it is difficult to say which band composite is the most reliable. Each band ratio highlights different mineral alteration zones and is useful for different applications. For example, the iron oxide index and ferric oxide absorption feature are commonly used to map iron oxide minerals, such as hematite and goethite, which are often associated with hydrothermal alteration and mineral deposits. On the other hand, the silica index and clay mineral index are commonly used to map the distribution of minerals such as kaolinite, montmorillonite, and illite, which are often associated with hydrothermal alteration, mineral deposits, and weathering processes. Therefore, the choice of band composite should be based on the specific mineral alteration patterns and target minerals in the study area, as well as the objectives of the study. In some cases, multiple band composites may be necessary to fully characterize the mineral alteration in a given area.
Band ratios and band composites for mineral alteration using Aster satellite imagery that we discussed: Iron oxide index: Band ratio of band 3 / band 2. Assign the iron oxide index to the red channel of an RGB composite image to highlight areas with high iron oxide content, such as hematite or goethite. Ferric oxide absorption feature: Band ratio of band 4 / band 1. Assign the ferric oxide absorption feature to the green channel of an RGB composite image to highlight areas with high ferric oxide absorption, which often indicates the presence of hydrothermal alteration and mineral deposits. Silica index: Band ratio of band 9 / band 8. Assign the silica index to the blue channel of an RGB composite image to highlight areas with high silica content, which can indicate the presence of silicate minerals such as quartz and feldspar. These band ratios can be combined into an RGB composite image to create a false-color image that highlights mineral alteration zones based on the specific ratios used. The specific combination of band ratios and color channels used can vary depending on the study area and the specific minerals being targeted. Here are some additional band composites using different ratios: Ferric oxide absorption feature: Band ratio of band 4 / band 1. Assign the ferric oxide absorption feature to the red channel, the clay mineral index (band 7 / band 6) to the green channel, and the AlOH group absorption feature (band 8 / band 6) to the blue channel of an RGB composite image to highlight hydrothermal alteration associated with volcanic rocks. Iron oxide index: Band ratio of band 3 / band 2. Assign the iron oxide index to the red channel, the ferric iron index (band 6 / band 5) to the green channel, and the AlOH group absorption feature (band 8 / band 6) to the blue channel of an RGB composite image to highlight areas with high iron oxide content and ferric iron content, which are often associated with hydrothermal activity. The choice of band composite depends on the specific mineral alteration patterns and target minerals in the study area, and the choice should be based on the specific context and objectives of the study. In some cases, multiple band composites may be necessary to fully characterize the mineral alteration in a given area.
PREY KDOUCH DEVELOPMENT CONSULTANCY INC. 